Network global structure-based centrality (NGSC)
The network global structure-based centrality (NGSC) is a hybrid method designed to identify the most effective spreaders in a network by combining the degree and \(k\)-shell index of a node and its neighbors [2]. For a node \(i \in \mathcal{N}\), the NGSC score \(c_{NGSC}(i)\) is defined as\begin{align*}c_{NGSC}(i) &= \sum_{j \in \mathcal{N}(i)} \Bigl[ (w_1 k_s(i) + w_2 d_i) + (w_1 k_s(j) + w_2 d_j) \Bigr] \nonumber \\&= d_i \,(w_1 k_s(i) + w_2 d_i) + \sum_{j \in \mathcal{N}(i)} \left( w_1 k_s(j) + w_2 d_j \right),\end{align*}where \(d_i\) and \(k_s(i)\) denote the degree and \(k\)-shell index of node \(i\), respectively, \(\mathcal{N}(i)\) is the set of neighbors of \(i\), and \(w_1\) and \(w_2\) are tunable parameters weighting the contributions of the \(k\)-shell and degree. Experimentally, Namtirtha et al. [2] suggest parameter ranges \(w_1 \in [0.2, 0.4], w_2 = 0.9\) or \(w_1 = 0.9, w_2 \in [0.2, 0.4]\), depending on the network’s density and percolation threshold.