Agneessens et al. [2] propose a generalized version of betweenness centrality referred to as \(δ\)-betweenness , which incorporates a tuning parameter \(δ \in \mathbb{R}\), reflecting the relative importance of geodesic distances in the network. The \(δ\)-betweenness of a node \(i\) can be expressed as
\begin{equation*}
c_{δ-betw}(i) = \sum_{j=1}^{N}{\sum_{k=1}^{N}{\frac{σ_{jk}(i)}{σ_{jk}}(d_{jk}-1)^{-δ}}},
\end{equation*}
where \(σ_{jk}\) is the number of shortest paths between nodes \(j\) and \(k\), \(σ_{jk}(i)\) is the number of paths that pass through node \(i\), and \(d_{jk}\) is the length of the shortest path from \(j\) to \(k\). Note that for \(δ = 0\), the \(δ\)-betweenness centrality reduces to the standard betweenness centrality.

References

[1] Shvydun, S. (2025). Zoo of Centralities: Encyclopedia of Node Metrics in Complex Networks. arXiv: 2511.05122 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.05122
[2] Agneessens, F., Borgatti, S. P., & Everett, M. G. (2017). Geodesic based centrality: Unifying the local and the global. Social Networks, 49, 12-26. doi: 10.1016/j.socnet.2016.09.005.