ModuLand centrality quantifies a node's importance based on its role within the influence-function-based community landscape constructed by the NodeLand algorithm [2]. For each node \(k\), NodeLand computes an influence function \(f_k\) by iteratively building the set \(A_k\) of nodes strongly influenced by \(k\). Starting from \(A_k = \{k\}\), neighboring nodes are added one at a time only if their inclusion increases the density of the subgraph induced by \(A_k\). This process continues until no further improvement in density is possible.
The ModuLand centrality \(c_{\mathrm{ModuLand}}(i)\) of node \(i\) is then defined as
\[
c_{\mathrm{ModuLand}}(i) = \sum_{j=1}^{N} c(i,j) = \sum_{j=1}^{N} \sum_{k=1}^{N} f_k(i,j),
\]
where
\[
f_k(i,j) =
\begin{cases}
w_{ij}, & \text{if } (i,j) \in A_k,\\
0, & \text{otherwise,}
\end{cases}
\]
and \(w_{ij}\) is the weight of edge \((i,j)\). This formulation captures how strongly node \(i\) participates in regions of high influence across the network, reflecting its centrality in the overlapping community landscape.

References

[1] Shvydun, S. (2025). Zoo of Centralities: Encyclopedia of Node Metrics in Complex Networks. arXiv: 2511.05122 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.05122
[2] Kovács, I. A., Palotai, R., Szalay, M. S., & Csermely, P. (2010). Community landscapes: an integrative approach to determine overlapping network module hierarchy, identify key nodes and predict network dynamics. PloS one, 5(9), e12528. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012528.