Weighted formal concept analysis (WFCA) centrality applies the principles of formal concept analysis (FCA) to rank nodes in a network [2]. Let \(\mathbb{K} = (O, K, I)\) denote a formal context, where \(O = \mathcal{N}\) is a set of objects, \(K\) is a set of attributes, and \(I \subseteq O \times K\) is a binary relation between objects and attributes. A pair \((T, P)\), with \(T \subseteq O\) and \(P \subseteq K\), forms a formal concept if every object \(t \in T\) possesses all attributes in \(P\), and every attribute \(p \in P\) is shared by all objects in \(T\).
In the case of a graph \(G\) without external attributes, the attribute set is taken as \(K = \mathcal{N}\), and a formal concept \((T, P)\) corresponds to a subset of nodes \(T \subseteq \mathcal{N}\) that share a common set of neighbors \(P\). The WFCA centrality of node \(i\) is then defined as
\begin{equation*}
c_{WFCA}(i) = \sum_{\substack{(T,P): \\ i \in P}} \frac{|T|}{|P|}.
\end{equation*}
Hence, the WFCA centrality captures global structure by ranking nodes according to the number of nodes sharing their neighbor set (\(|T|\)) relative to the size of that set (\(|P|\)).

References

[1] Shvydun, S. (2025). Zoo of Centralities: Encyclopedia of Node Metrics in Complex Networks. arXiv: 2511.05122 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.05122
[2] Sun, Z., Wang, B., Sheng, J., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., & Shao, J. (2017). Identifying influential nodes in complex networks based on weighted formal concept analysis. IEEE access, 5, 3777-3789. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2679038.